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写作 · 2026-06-26

Row同学的课程学习报告

雅思写作问题解决类提纲、抽象分类、论证顺序、语言升级和流程图写法

学员：Row同学 老师：Miya老师 课型：群课05 主题：雅思写作问题解决类提纲、抽象分类、论证顺序与流程图写法

课后复习模块

练过的材料

  • Mobile phones and internet can be of great help to older people, but they are the group least likely to use them（雅思写作问题解决类题目）：用于训练审题、分类和解决方案段落
  • Many students find it harder to study at university or college compared to when they were in school（雅思写作原因解决题）：用于训练大学学习困难的原因和学校支持方案
  • Nowadays people spend a great deal of time sitting, leading to health problems（雅思写作原因解决题）：用于训练久坐话题开头改写、原因和解决方案
  • In some countries there is not enough recycling of waste materials, such as paper, glass and cans（雅思写作原因解决题）：用于训练按国家类型分类论证和政府解决方案
  • Pineapple growing and product preparation flow chart（雅思小作文流程图）：用于讲解流程图开头、overall、一般现在时被动语态和步骤描述

词汇和表达

  • elderly / the elderly：老年人，较礼貌
  • senior citizens：年长者，长者
  • retirees：退休人士
  • pensioners：领养老金的人
  • 写科技帮助老年人查询信息时使用。；获取信息
  • 写科技帮助老年人解决交通、医疗、支付、购物等问题。；处理日常问题

纠错重点

  • {"rawOrIssue": "把题目理解成“为什么老年人不用科技”。", "correctedOrAdvice": "本题问 in what ways can this technology help old people，是问科技可以怎样帮助老年人。", "reasonOrMemoryTip": "先判断问题类型，避免写偏。", "sourceEvidence": "他问的是in what ways...这不是问你成什么科技啊"}
  • {"rawOrIssue": "直接罗列扫码乘车、挂号、缴费等例子。", "correctedOrAdvice": "先抽象分类，如 address daily issues / have access to information，再写具体例子。", "reasonOrMemoryTip": "雅思喜欢从抽象到具体，直接堆例子会像一盘散沙。", "sourceEvidence": "你先给他一个总体的东西，你再开始举例子"}
  • {"rawOrIssue": "把查询信息放在解决问题前面。", "correctedOrAdvice": "先写解决日常问题，再写查询信息。", "reasonOrMemoryTip": "更重要的内容先写。", "sourceEvidence": "永远都是先写更重要的"}
  • {"rawOrIssue": "old people", "correctedOrAdvice": "elderly / the elderly / senior citizens / retirees / pensioners", "reasonOrMemoryTip": "old people 听起来不够礼貌，elderly 更尊重。", "sourceEvidence": "以后不要再叫别人Old People"}
  • {"rawOrIssue": "menu 用来表示菜谱。", "correctedOrAdvice": "recipe", "reasonOrMemoryTip": "menu 是餐厅点菜的菜单；recipe 是做菜方法。", "sourceEvidence": "menu是外边点菜...菜谱是...Recipe"}
  • {"rawOrIssue": "减少难度。", "correctedOrAdvice": "lower the difficulty", "reasonOrMemoryTip": "难度不能 reduce，更自然说 lower。", "sourceEvidence": "难度不能减少难度只能降低...lower the difficulty"}

可回读产出

  • 本节课写作文章改进版：{"part": "Writing Task 2", "question": "Mobile phones and internet can be of great help to older people, but they are the group least likely to use them. In what ways can this technology help old people? How can older people be encouraged to use this technology?", "answer": "Mobile phones and the internet can benefit elderly people in several practical ways. The most important benefit is that these technologies can help them address daily issues more easily. For example, they can use mobile payment to pay utility bills, buy food online, take public transport by scanning a code, or make an appointment with a doctor. These services can save them time and energy, especially when they have difficulty walking or waiting in long queues. In addition, the internet gives them access to useful information. They can check the weather forecast, read recipes, and learn how to maintain good health. Smart domestic appliances may also make their home life more comfortable and safer.\n\nTo encourage elderly people to use these technologies, platforms should first make their products more elderly-friendly. For instance, applications can offer a senior mode with larger fonts, louder sound, simpler procedures, fewer pop-up advertisements, and less disturbance. This can lower the difficulty and reduce confusion. Turning to family members, young people in the family can teach elderly people step by step, starting from simple actions such as making phone calls, sending voice messages, using mobile payment, and making an appointment with a doctor. They should offer more encouragement and less criticism, because patient guidance can help elderly people become more confident.", "pairedWithCueCardId": ""}
  • IELTS Writing Task 2：Mobile phones and the internet can benefit elderly people in several practical ways. The most important benefit is that these technologies can help them address daily issues more easily. For example, they can use mobile payment to pay utility bills, buy food online, take public transport by scanning a code, or make an appointment with a doctor. These services can save them time and energy, especially when they have difficulty walking or waiting in long queues. In addition, the internet gives them access to useful information. They can check the weather forecast, read recipes, and learn how to maintain good health. Smart domestic appliances may also make their home life more comfortable and safer.；To encourage elderly people to use these technologies, platforms should first make their products more elderly-friendly. For instance, applications can offer a senior mode with larger fonts, louder sound, simpler procedures, fewer pop-up advertisements, and less disturbance. This can lower the difficulty and reduce confusion. Turning to family members, young people in the family can teach elderly people step by step, starting from simple actions such as making phone calls, sending voice messages, using mobile payment, and making an appointment with a doctor. They should offer more encouragement and less criticism, because patient guidance can help elderly people become more confident.

课后动作

  • 把各自的作文写出来，尤其注意先抽象分类，再举具体例子。
  • 流程图课后至少先打一遍课堂示范。
  • 复习本节课老年人与科技、大学学习困难、久坐、回收和流程图相关词汇。

一、课堂推进时间轴

1

审题：老年人与手机网络题

课堂推进：课堂先读题，明确题目问的是手机和网络可以怎样帮助老年人，不是问为什么老年人不用科技。

老师处理：老师带学生区分题目要求，提醒不能把题目误判成原因题。

学生原始输出：Jason举例：扫码乘车、线上挂号就医、手机缴费、预约政务服务、线上购物、查天气、看菜谱、学习养生知识、智能家电联动操作。

老师示范 / 修改方向：老师纠正：这些例子不能直接罗列，要先抽象分类，再举具体例子。

复习抓手：in what ways 问的是帮助方式；雅思作文要从抽象到具体；例子要归类后再展开

2

分类与论证顺序

课堂推进：老师示范把帮助老年人的内容分成解决日常问题和获取信息，也提醒更重要的内容要先写。

老师处理：老师带学生把扫码乘车、线上挂号、手机缴费等归入交通、医疗、支付、购物等日常问题；把查天气、看菜谱、养生知识归入获取信息。

学生原始输出：学生提到：扫码乘车、线上挂号就医、手机缴费、线上购物、手机查天气、看菜谱、学习养生知识、智能家电。

老师示范 / 修改方向：可以先写 technology helps elderly people address daily issues，再写 it helps them have access to useful information。

复习抓手：重要内容先写；解决问题比查询信息更核心；健康安全比舒适度更重要

3

老年人科技题语言升级

课堂推进：课堂整理了老人、日常问题、医疗、支付、智能家电等相关表达。

老师处理：老师补充词汇和替换表达，并解释 old people 不礼貌，应使用 elderly、senior citizens 等。

学生原始输出：学生用 old people 表示老年人。

老师示范 / 修改方向：old people 有贬损感；可以用 elderly, the elderly, senior citizens, retirees, pensioners。

复习抓手：elderly 更礼貌；mobile payment 表示移动支付；utility bills 表示水电燃气等账单；recipe 是菜谱，不是 menu

4

解决方案：向外归因

课堂推进：老师讲解解决问题类作文要优先写更有能力改变问题的一方，例如平台、家庭成员，再到老年人自己。

老师处理：老师引导学生不要先让老年人自己解决难题，而要从平台设计和家人帮助入手。

学生原始输出：学生思路包括：开启长辈模式、大字体、高音量、极简模式、关闭弹窗广告、减少操作难度与干扰；家人从最简单操作教起。

老师示范 / 修改方向：平台应设计 elderly-friendly 模式，lower the difficulty and reduce disturbance；family members can teach them step by step。

复习抓手：解决方案优先找更能改变问题的一方；平台可以降低操作难度、减少干扰；家人可以循序渐进教打电话、发语音、付款、预约医生

5

干扰类词汇辨析

课堂推进：课堂详细区分了 interrupt、disturb、disrupt、bother、harassment 的区别，用于写作中准确表达减少干扰。

老师处理：老师通过课堂、装修声、打扰别人帮忙等场景解释近义词差别。

学生原始输出：学生在平台设计中提到减少操作难度与干扰。

老师示范 / 修改方向：减少干扰可用 reduce disturbance；interrupt 是打断，disturb 是干扰，disrupt 是扰乱稳定，bother 是麻烦别人，harassment 是骚扰。

复习抓手：disturbance 适合表示环境或信息干扰；interrupt 强调打断正在进行的交流；bother 强调麻烦别人做事

6

大学学习困难题：原因与解决方案

课堂推进：课堂分析大学学习变难的原因：大学要求更强学习自主性，课程更专业、更抽象，节奏更快；解决方案要由学校、高中等外部系统提供支持。

老师处理：老师纠正“学生自己提高自律能力”的解决方案，建议写学校开设学习方法课、导师辅导、学长指导、office hours、writing center 等。

学生原始输出：Eric思路：many students find it is harder to study at university or college compared to when they were in school；原因包括学习自主性提高、中学有老师监督、大学几乎全靠自学、容易拖延。

老师示范 / 修改方向：不要写学生直接提升自律能力；可以写 schools organize instructional sessions, workshops, office hours, writing centers。

复习抓手：解决问题不要只要求弱势方自己改变；大学学习难可从 self-discipline、academic autonomy、abstract courses、wide knowledge range 写；高中也可以提前做衔接

7

久坐健康题：开头改写与成因

课堂推进：课堂讲解久坐题如何改写题干，使用 sedentary lifestyle、health issues 等表达，并分析工作学习任务、疲劳、科技吸引和交通便利带来的久坐。

老师处理：老师把 spend a great deal of time sitting 升级为 lead a sedentary lifestyle，并补充 diabetes、hypertension、cardiovascular diseases 等健康问题词汇。

学生原始输出：Lucas题目：Nowadays people spend a great deal of time sitting leading to health problems. Why does this happen? What are the best ways to encourage people to sit less? 原因：过量的工作和学习任务导致每日久坐；休息后太累只能坐着，形成恶性循环。

老师示范 / 修改方向：excessive work and study assignments require lengthy sitting；after work or school, fatigue makes people keep sitting, forming a vicious cycle。

复习抓手：sedentary lifestyle 表示久坐不动的生活方式；excessive 表示过量的；procrastination 不是 delay；vicious cycle 表示恶性循环

8

久坐题解决方案

课堂推进：老师提醒政府不能简单减少工作量或作业量，更现实的方案是保证休息时间、学校和公司设置活动机制、科技提醒久坐用户起身。

老师处理：老师纠正不现实的政府减负方案，给出 lunch break、体育课、奖励站起来活动、把 snack bar 放远、科技提醒等可写方案。

学生原始输出：学生思路：政府出台政策减少每日工作量；学校和公司发放奖励，激励减少久坐。

老师示范 / 修改方向：政府可以强制保证休息时间；学校保留体育课和课间；公司可以设置奖励机制或调整空间让员工多走动。

复习抓手：解决方案要现实；政策可以保证休息时间而不是直接减少任务；科技也可用于提醒用户起身活动

9

回收题：按国家类型分类论证

课堂推进：课堂分析回收不足题，老师肯定先按发达国家和发展中国家分类，再分别解释成本、产业、购买意愿和环保意识问题。

老师处理：老师补充 labor cost、raw materials、enterprises、corporations、maximize profits、environmentally friendly 等表达。

学生原始输出：Row思路：发达国家人力成本比原材料成本大很多；轻工业产品如玻璃瓶进口；人们不愿意购买回收生产的商品；发展中国家缺少回收意识。

老师示范 / 修改方向：developed countries may avoid recycling because labor costs significantly exceed raw materials; corporations prioritize profits over environmentally friendly recycling。

复习抓手：先给读者一个分类框架；原因多时要用 one primary reason / another significant driving force；developed countries 与 developing countries 可以形成对比

10

回收题解决方案与政府手段

课堂推进：老师提醒原因和解决方案篇幅要平衡，并补充宣传、技术、法规、税收优惠、补贴和罚款等政府手段。

老师处理：老师指出解决办法太少会导致虎头蛇尾，并示范政府如何 raise people's awareness、introduce technology、establish laws and regulations、provide subsidies。

学生原始输出：学生解决方案较少：政府可以引进回收技术、制定法规、减免税收、提供政府补贴。

老师示范 / 修改方向：政府可以 put up posters, distribute brochures, invite specialists to deliver lectures, offer free consultation；也可以 use tax incentives, subsidies, strict laws and regulations。

复习抓手：原因和解决方案篇幅要接近；publicize / advertise 可表示宣传；subsidies 是政府补贴；tax incentives 是税收优惠；levy 是惩罚性税收

11

流程图写法：菠萝生产流程

课堂推进：课堂最后讲解流程图：开头替换、overall 写法、一般现在时被动语态、按图中所有元素逐步描述。

老师处理：老师用菠萝种植和加工流程图示范写法，强调不能漏图中信息，要使用一般现在时被动语态。

学生原始输出：学生提问流程图里自然生长、单位、步骤、不会写具体名词时怎么办。

老师示范 / 修改方向：The flow chart illustrates how pineapples are grown and how pineapple products are prepared. Overall, the whole process consists of two main sequential phases.

复习抓手：diagram 和 flow chart 可互换；shows 可换成 illustrates；process of doing 可换成 how something is done；流程图多用一般现在时被动语态；不会具体容器名时可用 container

二、本节课亮点表现

本节课反复训练“先抽象分类，再举具体例子”的写作思路，避免把例子直接堆在作文里。

老师重点讲了问题解决类作文的逻辑顺序：先写更重要、更常见、更能改变问题的一方。

课堂覆盖多个雅思大作文话题：老年人与科技、大学学习困难、久坐健康、回收不足。

最后补充流程图写作，强调一般现在时被动语态和不能漏掉图中信息。

三、本节课用了哪些材料

四、学生课堂输出

老年人与科技题提纲

扫码乘车、线上挂号就医、手机缴费、预约政务服务、线上购物、手机查天气、看菜谱、学习养生知识、智能家电联动操作。

老年人与科技题解决方案

开启长辈模式、大字体、高音量、极简模式、关闭弹窗广告无用推送、减少操作难度与干扰；家人从最简单的操作教起。

大学学习困难题开头和原因

many students find it is harder to study at university or college compared to when they were in school；学习自主性提高；中学有老师全程监督固定作业反复刷题；大学几乎全靠自学；没人督促学生容易拖延。

久坐健康题题目和原因

Nowadays people spend a great deal of time sitting leading to health problems. Why does this happen? What are the best ways to encourage people to sit less？原因是过量的工作和学习任务导致他每日久坐；休息后太累只能坐着，形成恶性循环。

回收不足题原因

发达国家人力成本比原材料的成本大很多；轻工业产品比如玻璃瓶等等都是进口的；人们不愿意购买回收生产的商品；发展中国家没有垃圾分类意识。

回收不足题解决方案

政府可以引进回收的技术；制定法规；减免部分税收；提供一些政府的补贴。

五、本节课写作文章改进版

按课堂已讲方向整理的课后复习改进版；本节课讲了多个提纲和流程图，逐字稿没有形成一篇完整最终定稿，因此以下为课堂重点题“老年人与科技”按老师讲解整理的可复习版本。

Mobile phones and internet can be of great help to older people, but they are the group least likely to use them. In what ways can this technology help old people? How can older people be encouraged to use this technology?

Mobile phones and the internet can benefit elderly people in several practical ways. The most important benefit is that these technologies can help them address daily issues more easily. For example, they can use mobile payment to pay utility bills, buy food online, take public transport by scanning a code, or make an appointment with a doctor. These services can save them time and energy, especially when they have difficulty walking or waiting in long queues. In addition, the internet gives them access to useful information. They can check the weather forecast, read recipes, and learn how to maintain good health. Smart domestic appliances may also make their home life more comfortable and safer. To encourage elderly people to use these technologies, platforms should first make their products more elderly-friendly. For instance, applications can offer a senior mode with larger fonts, louder sound, simpler procedures, fewer pop-up advertisements, and less disturbance. This can lower the difficulty and reduce confusion. Turning to family members, young people in the family can teach elderly people step by step, starting from simple actions such as making phone calls, sending voice messages, using mobile payment, and making an appointment with a doctor. They should offer more encouragement and less criticism, because patient guidance can help elderly people become more confident.

六、本节课纠错

原句问题推荐表达记忆方法

七、定稿作文 / 改写方向

IELTS Writing Task 2 按课堂讲解整理的复习版，非逐字稿中完整最终定稿

Mobile phones and the internet can benefit elderly people in several practical ways. The most important benefit is that these technologies can help them address daily issues more easily. For example, they can use mobile payment to pay utility bills, buy food online, take public transport by scanning a code, or make an appointment with a doctor. These services can save them time and energy, especially when they have difficulty walking or waiting in long queues. In addition, the internet gives them access to useful information. They can check the weather forecast, read recipes, and learn how to maintain good health. Smart domestic appliances may also make their home life more comfortable and safer.

To encourage elderly people to use these technologies, platforms should first make their products more elderly-friendly. For instance, applications can offer a senior mode with larger fonts, louder sound, simpler procedures, fewer pop-up advertisements, and less disturbance. This can lower the difficulty and reduce confusion. Turning to family members, young people in the family can teach elderly people step by step, starting from simple actions such as making phone calls, sending voice messages, using mobile payment, and making an appointment with a doctor. They should offer more encouragement and less criticism, because patient guidance can help elderly people become more confident.

八、课后任务

九、方法和词汇

方法总结

  • 先抽象后具体
  • 重要内容先写
  • 解决方案向外归因
  • 原因和解决方案篇幅平衡
  • 流程图一般现在时被动语态
  • 流程图不漏信息

补充词汇

  • considerable / massive / substantial：大量的
  • excessive：过量的，太多的
  • fatigue：疲劳
  • muscle mass / bone density：肌肉量 / 骨密度
  • garbage sorting：垃圾分类
  • contaminated：被污染的
  • cultivate crops：种植庄稼
  • harvest：收获，采收
  • rinse / wash / soak：冲洗 / 清洗 / 浸泡
  • slice / chunk：片 / 块