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写作 · 2026-06-26

Rice同学的课程学习报告

问题解决类雅思大作文提纲、词汇升级、解决方案展开,以及流程图写作基本方法

学员:Rice同学 老师:Miya老师 课型:群课05 主题:雅思写作问题解决类提纲与流程图写法

课后复习模块

练过的材料

  • Mobile phones and internet can be of great help to older people, but older people are least likely to use them(雅思写作大作文题目/问题解决类):用于训练审题、分类、主体段展开和解决方案设计。
  • Many students find it harder to study at university or college compared to when they were in school(雅思写作大作文题目/原因+解决方案):用于训练大学学习难度变化的原因分析和学校/高中阶段解决方案。
  • Nowadays people spend a great deal of time sitting, leading to health problems(雅思写作大作文题目/原因+解决方案):用于训练开头改写、原因段扣 nowadays、健康类词汇和解决方案现实性。
  • In some countries there is not enough recycling of waste materials such as paper, glass and cans(雅思写作大作文题目/原因+解决方案):用于训练按发达国家/发展中国家分类、原因和解决方案配比。
  • Pineapple growing and pineapple products flow chart(雅思小作文流程图):用于训练流程图开头改写、overall、一般现在时被动语态和步骤描述。

词汇和表达

  • recipe:菜谱,做菜方法
  • mobile payment:移动支付
  • utility bills:水电燃气等公共事业账单
  • smart domestic appliances:智能家电
  • 写主体段时先写分类,再举具体例子。;从抽象观点到具体例子
  • 用于老人科技题中说明手机和网络可以帮助老人获取信息。;查询信息 / 获取信息

纠错重点

  • {"rawOrIssue": "直接罗列“扫码乘车、线上挂号、手机缴费”等例子。", "correctedOrAdvice": "先用抽象分类概括,如 address daily issues / search for information,再举例。", "reasonOrMemoryTip": "雅思主体段需要主线,不能像一盘散沙。", "sourceEvidence": "你说的这些没问题,但是你需要给他归个类"}
  • {"rawOrIssue": "把查询信息放在解决问题前面。", "correctedOrAdvice": "更重要的观点先写,老人用科技更重要的是解决实际生活问题。", "reasonOrMemoryTip": "段落顺序要按重要性推进。", "sourceEvidence": "永远都是先写更重要的啊...应该先是解决问题然后顺便还可以查询一些信息"}
  • {"rawOrIssue": "menu 用来表示菜谱。", "correctedOrAdvice": "菜谱应写 recipe;menu 是餐厅点菜菜单。", "reasonOrMemoryTip": "menu 是点菜用,recipe 是做菜方法。", "sourceEvidence": "菜谱menu不对...recipe不是menu吗那个menu是你出去点菜的时候"}
  • {"rawOrIssue": "old people 用来称呼老年人。", "correctedOrAdvice": "写作中优先用 elderly, the elderly, senior citizens, retirees, pensioners。", "reasonOrMemoryTip": "old people 语气不够礼貌,可能显得 rude。", "sourceEvidence": "以后不要再叫别人Old People...你得叫elderly"}
  • {"rawOrIssue": "解决老人不用科技的问题时先写老人自己努力。", "correctedOrAdvice": "先写平台、家人等外部主体,再写老人自己。", "reasonOrMemoryTip": "解决问题类作文要向外归因,先写最能改变问题的人或机构。", "sourceEvidence": "解决问题的时候向外归因...平台是应该最先考虑的"}
  • {"rawOrIssue": "减少难度。", "correctedOrAdvice": "应写 lower the difficulty,不说 reduce difficulty。", "reasonOrMemoryTip": "difficulty 搭配 lower,表示降低难度。", "sourceEvidence": "难度不能减少难度只能降低...lower the difficulty"}

可回读产出

  • IELTS Writing Task 2 and Task 1 review draft fragments:老人科技题:主体段方向;老人科技题:解决方案方向

课后动作

  • 把老人科技题按“解决日常问题 + 获取信息”或“安全健康 + 舒适便利”的分类重新整理提纲。
  • 完成课堂讲到的各自大作文题目,把原因和解决方案写得长度接近。
  • 课后至少打一遍菠萝流程图范文或按课堂模板重写一遍流程图。
  • 整理课堂词汇:elderly, recipe, utility bills, self-discipline, sedentary lifestyle, labor cost, subsidies, after which。

一、课堂推进时间轴

1

审题:老人使用手机和网络

课堂推进:课堂先读题,明确题目问的是手机和互联网能如何帮助老年人,不是问老年人为什么不用科技。

老师处理:老师带学生拆解题干,区分 help old people 的影响/帮助类问题和成因类问题。

学生原始输出:扫码乘车、线上挂号就医、手机缴费、预约政务服务、不用跑腿排队、手机查天气、看菜谱、学习养生知识、智能家电联动操作。

老师示范 / 修改方向:老师指出这些例子可以用,但不能直接罗列,要先归类,再举例。

复习抓手:先审题,判断题目问 in what ways,不是 why;雅思写作要从抽象分类到具体例子;例子需要服务于段落主线

2

主体段分类:科技如何帮助老年人

课堂推进:老师示范把零散例子归为几类:解决日常问题、获取信息,或保障安全健康、提升舒适度。

老师处理:老师引导学生比较不同分类方式,并强调重要内容先写。

学生原始输出:查询信息、扫码乘车、线上挂号就医、手机缴费、线上购物、省去奔波劳累、智能家电联动操作。

老师示范 / 修改方向:可以先写更重要的帮助,例如 resolve/address daily issues,再写 search for information;如果按安全健康和舒适度分类,应先写安全健康。

复习抓手:先写更重要的观点;solve problems 可以升级为 resolve problems;address daily issues 表示处理日常问题;search for information / have access to information 表示获取信息

3

词汇升级:老人、支付、家电、信息

课堂推进:课堂补充了老人、支付、账单、菜谱、智能家电等写作词汇,并区分了容易混淆的表达。

老师处理:老师解释 old people 不够礼貌,给出 elderly、senior citizens、retirees、pensioners 等替换。

学生原始输出:menu, old people, payment, 手机缴费, 看菜谱, 智能家电。

老师示范 / 修改方向:菜谱不是 menu,而是 recipe;移动支付是 mobile payment;水电燃气费可合并写 utility bills;智能家电可写 smart domestic appliances。

复习抓手:recipe(菜谱)不同于 menu(菜单);mobile payment(移动支付);utility bills(水电燃气账单);smart domestic appliances(智能家电);elderly / senior citizens / retirees / pensioners 可替换 old people

4

解决方案段:谁来帮助老人使用科技

课堂推进:老师讲解解决问题类作文要向外归因,优先写平台和家人能做什么,再写老年人自己。

老师处理:老师引导学生按 platform、family members、the elderly themselves 分类,并解释为什么不要一开始就让弱势群体自己解决问题。

学生原始输出:开启长辈模式、调大字体、高音量、长辈模式、极简模式、关闭弹窗广告、无用推送、减少操作难度与干扰;家人从最简单的操作教起,先学打电话、发语音、付款、挂号,反复实操,多鼓励少指责。

老师示范 / 修改方向:平台可设计 elderly-friendly 模式,lower the difficulty and reduce disturbance;家人可以 teach them step by step, give more encouragement and less criticism。

复习抓手:解决问题类作文要先考虑外部帮助;platforms / family members / the elderly themselves 可以作为分类;elderly-friendly 表示老年友好;lower the difficulty 表示降低难度;reduce disturbance 表示减少干扰

5

连接词与段落推进

课堂推进:老师示范用 when it comes to、turning to、regarding、concerning 等表达推进不同解决主体。

老师处理:老师把平台、家人、老人三个主体串成段落结构,并提醒考试时要简化细节。

学生原始输出:平台怎么怎么着;老年人的家人怎么怎么着;老年人可以做一些改变。

老师示范 / 修改方向:When it comes to platforms... Turning to their family members... Regarding the elderly themselves...

复习抓手:when it comes to 可用于引出对象;turning to 可用于转向下一类主体;regarding / concerning 可用于引出话题;考试中不要写得过细,要保留概括句

6

干扰类词汇辨析

课堂推进:老师围绕 reduce disturbance 讲解 disturb、interrupt、disrupt、bother、harassment 的区别。

老师处理:老师用课堂、噪音、打断讲话、麻烦别人等场景解释近义词差别。

学生原始输出:disturb, disrupt, interrupt, bother, harassment。

老师示范 / 修改方向:interrupt 是打断;disturb 是干扰;disrupt 是扰乱稳定;bother 是麻烦别人做事;harassment 是骚扰。

复习抓手:interrupt(打断);disturb(干扰);disrupt(扰乱、破坏稳定);bother(麻烦、打扰别人帮忙);harassment(骚扰)

7

大学学习变难题:原因与解决方案

课堂推进:课堂分析大学学习比中学更难的原因:大学要求更强自主性,课程更专业、更抽象、节奏更快。

老师处理:老师修改学生提纲中的“学习自主性提高”,改为“大学教育要求更强自主性,而高中阶段没有训练”。

学生原始输出:学习自主性提高;中学有老师全程监督固定作业反复刷题,但大学几乎全靠自学;学生提升自律能力;学校提供更多学术支持。

老师示范 / 修改方向:Tertiary education requires stronger self-discipline or academic autonomy. 学校应组织 tutor sessions、senior student guidance、office hours、writing centers、workshops;高中也可以提前做衔接。

复习抓手:self-study 是自学,不等于自主学习;self-discipline / self-control 表示自律;academic autonomy 表示学习自主性;take an initiative to do something 表示主动做某事;解决方案不要只写学生自己努力,要写学校和高中阶段如何搭梯子

8

久坐题:开头改写、原因和解决方案

课堂推进:课堂讲解久坐不动题,补充 sedentary lifestyle、excessive、assignments、fatigue、vicious cycle 等表达。

老师处理:老师示范把 spend a great deal of time sitting 改写为 lead a sedentary lifestyle,并提醒原因段不要写成影响段。

学生原始输出:过量的工作和学习任务导致每日久坐;缺乏运动量导致疾病;政府出台政策减少每日工作量;学校和公司设定奖励。

老师示范 / 修改方向:原因可以写 excessive work and study assignments require lengthy sitting;after work or school people feel exhausted, forming a vicious cycle;解决方案不能简单写政府减少工作量,可写保证 lunch break、体育课、休息时间和科技提醒。

复习抓手:lead a sedentary lifestyle(过久坐不动的生活方式);health issues(健康问题)比 health problems 更好;diabetes(糖尿病);hypertension(高血压);cardiovascular diseases(心血管疾病);forming a vicious cycle(形成恶性循环)

9

回收题:发达国家与发展中国家的原因分类

课堂推进:课堂分析回收不足题,示范按发达国家和发展中国家分类,并强调解决方案长度要和原因分析匹配。

老师处理:老师补充 labor cost、raw materials、prioritize A over B、sustainable awareness、contaminated 等表达。

学生原始输出:发达国家人力成本比原材料成本大很多;很多轻工业产品如玻璃瓶都是进口的;人们不愿意购买回收生产的商品;发展中国家缺少垃圾分类意识或不知道怎么分类。

老师示范 / 修改方向:原因段可以写 labor costs significantly exceed raw materials;companies prioritize profits over environmentally friendly recycling;解决方案要对应宣传、技术、法律和补贴。

复习抓手:labor cost(人力成本);raw materials(原材料);prioritize A over B(优先考虑A而不是B);environmentally friendly recycling(环保回收);absence of awareness(意识缺失);contaminated(被污染的)

10

回收题:政府宣传、技术、法规和补贴

课堂推进:老师示范回收题的解决方案:政府可以宣传、引进或研发技术、制定法规、提供税收优惠和补贴。

老师处理:老师列出宣传方式和政策词汇,并解释税收激励与惩罚性税收的区别。

学生原始输出:政府宣传;引进回收技术;制定法规约束;减免部分税收;提供政府补贴。

老师示范 / 修改方向:宣传方式包括 put up posters, distribute brochures, invite specialists to deliver lectures, offer free consultation;技术可 introduce or research recycling technologies;法规可 establish / implement / enforce strict laws and regulations;补贴可 provide subsidies。

复习抓手:publicize / advertise(宣传);put up posters(贴海报);distribute brochures(发传单);deliver lectures(开讲座);free consultation(免费咨询);tax incentives(税收优惠);subsidies(政府补贴)

11

流程图写作:菠萝种植与加工

课堂推进:最后老师快速讲解流程图,强调流程图要写全图中所有信息,并使用一般现在时被动语态。

老师处理:老师用菠萝种植和加工图示范开头、overall、种植阶段和加工阶段的写法。

学生原始输出:pineapple, flow chart, diagram, process, 23-30 degrees Celsius, 26 cm spacing, seven months, five months, 30 cm, 2 kg, extractor, juice, straw, can, wax, ship。

老师示范 / 修改方向:开头可把 diagram 和 flow chart 互换,把 shows 改为 illustrates;process of doing 可改成 how something is done;overall 可写整个流程包含两个 sequential phases:原材料收集和加工;主体段使用 are planted / are washed / are separated / are fed into 等被动语态。

复习抓手:flow chart / diagram 可互换;illustrate 可替换 show;the process of doing 可改写为 how something is done;流程图多用一般现在时被动语态;图里看到的数字、单位、步骤和容器都要写

二、本节课亮点表现

本节课重点训练了写作提纲从“具体例子”升级为“抽象分类+具体例子”的能力。

老师多次强调解决问题类作文要向外归因,先写最能改变问题的主体,如平台、学校、政府、公司等。

课堂覆盖了多个雅思大作文话题:老年人与科技、大学学习变难、久坐健康问题、回收不足。

最后补充了流程图写作:开头改写、overall模板、一般现在时被动语态和步骤衔接。

三、本节课用了哪些材料

四、学生课堂输出

老人科技题:帮助方式举例

扫码乘车、线上挂号就医、手机缴费、预约政务服务、不用跑腿排队、手机查天气、看菜谱、学习养生知识、智能家电联动操作。

老人科技题:平台解决方案

开启长辈模式、调大有有大字体有高音量有长辈模式极简模式啊关闭弹窗广告无用推送减少操作难度与干扰。

大学学习题:原因

学习自主性提高;中学有老师全程监督固定作业反复刷题,但大学几乎全靠自学;没人督促学生容易拖延。

久坐题:原因

过量的工作和学习任务导致他每日久坐;好不容易after work after school又已经非常劳累;于是形成恶性循环。

回收题:原因

在发达国家缺少回收是因为人力成本比原材料的成本大很多;很多轻工业产品比如玻璃瓶等等都是进口的;这里人还不愿意购买回收生产的商品。

回收题:发展中国家原因

虽然人力很便宜,但是很多人没有这种意识;不知道该怎么做也做不对;把他们都给放到一起了导致彼此之间被污染。

五、本节课写作文章改进版

按课堂已讲方向整理的课后复习改进版;本次课主要讲提纲、段落结构和语料,逐字稿没有完整最终成文证据,因此以下为课堂证据支持的段落骨架与可朗读句子,不作为完整最终定稿。

改进版等待老师确认。

六、本节课纠错

原句问题推荐表达记忆方法

七、定稿作文 / 改写方向

IELTS Writing Task 2 and Task 1 review draft fragments partial_review_version_based_on_class_explanation

老人科技题:主体段方向

Mobile phones and the Internet can help the elderly mainly by allowing them to address daily issues. For example, they can use mobile payment to pay utility bills, make an appointment with a doctor online, or use transport apps to make travelling more convenient. These technologies can also help them search for information, such as weather forecasts, recipes, and advice on how to maintain good health.

老人科技题:解决方案方向

When it comes to platforms, applications should be designed in a more elderly-friendly way. For instance, they can lower the difficulty of operation and reduce disturbance by using larger fonts, simpler interfaces, and fewer pop-up advertisements. Turning to family members, young people in the family can teach the elderly step by step, starting from making phone calls, sending voice messages, using mobile payment, and making medical appointments. They should also give more encouragement and less criticism.

大学学习变难题:原因与解决方向

One major reason is that tertiary education requires stronger self-discipline and academic autonomy, while many students have not received enough training in this area during secondary school. In addition, university courses are often more professional, abstract, and fast-paced. To solve this problem, universities can provide more academic support, such as tutor sessions, office hours, writing centers, and workshops led by senior students. High schools can also create more opportunities for students to plan their own study schedules before they enter university.

久坐题:开头与原因方向

People in modern society often lead a sedentary lifestyle, which may lead to health issues such as diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases. One reason is that excessive work and study assignments require lengthy sitting. After work or school, many people feel exhausted, so they are even less willing to stand up or exercise, forming a vicious cycle. Another reason is that modern technology is so entertaining and convenient that people spend long hours on screens or transport instead of moving around.

回收题:原因与解决方向

In some developed countries, recycling may be unattractive because labor costs significantly exceed the cost of raw materials. As a result, established corporations may prioritize profits over environmentally friendly recycling. In some developing countries, the problem may come from an absence of awareness of garbage sorting, so recyclable materials may be mixed together and become contaminated. Governments can address these problems by publicizing the value of recycled products, putting up posters, distributing brochures, inviting specialists to deliver lectures, and offering free consultation. They can also introduce recycling technologies, enforce strict laws and regulations, and provide tax incentives or subsidies for recycling companies.

流程图:菠萝流程图写法方向

The flow chart illustrates how pineapples are cultivated and how three different pineapple products are manufactured. Overall, the whole process consists of two main sequential phases: the cultivation of pineapples and the processing of the harvested fruit. Pineapples are planted under the sun at 23 to 30 degrees Celsius, with a spacing of 26 cm between plants. After seven months, a chemical solution is applied to promote their growth, and five months later, a fully grown pineapple reaches about 30 cm in height and 2 kg in weight on average. Once harvested, the pineapples are washed and separated according to their size before being processed into juice, canned pineapple, or fresh exported fruit.

八、课后任务

九、方法和词汇

方法总结

  • 抽象分类后举例
  • 重要观点先写
  • 解决问题类作文向外归因
  • 原因和解决方案配比
  • nowadays 题目要扣现代因素
  • 流程图全信息原则
  • 流程图一般现在时被动语态

补充词汇

  • make phone calls:打电话
  • send text messages:发短信
  • send voice messages:发语音
  • make an appointment with a doctor:预约医生/挂号
  • step by step / gradually:循序渐进
  • office hours:教授答疑时间
  • writing center:写作中心
  • workshops:工作坊/辅导小组
  • diabetes:糖尿病
  • hypertension:高血压
  • cardiovascular diseases:心血管疾病
  • affordable:价格可负担的
  • durable:耐用的
  • establish / implement / enforce laws:制定 / 实施 / 执行法律
  • rinse / wash / soak:冲洗 / 清洗 / 浸泡
  • harvest:收获
  • container:容器