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写作 · 2026-06-26

Luna同学的课程学习报告

问题解决类写作提纲、观点分类、词汇替换、对策展开和流程图写法

学员：Luna同学 老师：Miya老师 课型：群课05 主题：雅思写作问题解决类提纲、词汇替换与流程图写法

课后复习模块

练过的材料

  • Mobile phones and internet can be of great help to older people, but older people are the group least likely to use them. In what ways can this technology help old people?（雅思大作文问题解决/帮助方式题）：用于训练审题、观点分类和主体段排序。
  • Many students find it harder to study at university or college compared to when they were in school. Why does this happen? How can this problem be solved?（雅思大作文原因+解决题）：用于训练成因改写、大学学习词汇和向外归因式对策。
  • Nowadays people spend a great deal of time sitting, leading to health problems. Why does this happen? What are the best ways to encourage people to sit less?（雅思大作文原因+解决题）：用于训练开头改写、原因和结果边界、现实可执行的解决方案。
  • In some countries there is not enough recycling of waste materials, such as paper, glass and cans.（雅思大作文原因+解决题）：用于训练发达国家/发展中国家分类、原因与解决方案篇幅平衡。
  • Pineapple growing and product manufacturing flow chart（雅思小作文流程图）：用于训练流程图开头、overall、一般现在时被动语态和步骤衔接。

词汇和表达

  • resolve：解决，比 solve 更正式
  • address issues：处理问题，不一定完全解决
  • recipe：菜谱/食谱
  • domestic appliances：家用电器
  • 老人科技题主体段分类句。；科技可以帮助老年人处理日常问题
  • 概括查天气、看菜谱、养生知识等例子。；查询信息 / 获取信息

纠错重点

  • {"rawOrIssue": "直接罗列扫码乘车、挂号、缴费、购物等例子。", "correctedOrAdvice": "先写抽象分类：address daily issues / search for information，再举例。", "reasonOrMemoryTip": "雅思写作喜欢从抽象到具体，不要让主体段像一盘散沙。", "sourceEvidence": "咱必须得先哎抽象的分个类"}
  • {"rawOrIssue": "把 mobile phones and internet 题理解成问原因。", "correctedOrAdvice": "题目问 in what ways，应回答科技如何帮助老人。", "reasonOrMemoryTip": "先判断题目问的是 why 还是 in what ways。", "sourceEvidence": "它不是问成因它是问影响哦"}
  • {"rawOrIssue": "先写查询信息，再写解决问题。", "correctedOrAdvice": "先写更重要的解决日常问题，再写查询信息。", "reasonOrMemoryTip": "重要观点先写。", "sourceEvidence": "这俩反了啊应该先是解决问题然后顺便还可以查询一些信息"}
  • {"rawOrIssue": "old people", "correctedOrAdvice": "the elderly / senior citizens / retirees / pensioners", "reasonOrMemoryTip": "old people 语气不够礼貌，the elderly 更尊重。", "sourceEvidence": "以后不要再叫别人Old People...the elderly就一下就感觉非常非常的尊重"}
  • {"rawOrIssue": "减少难度", "correctedOrAdvice": "lower the difficulty", "reasonOrMemoryTip": "难度不能 reduce，要 lower。", "sourceEvidence": "难度不能减少难度只能降低"}
  • {"rawOrIssue": "学习自主性提高导致学习变难。", "correctedOrAdvice": "大学教育要求更强的 self-discipline / academic autonomy，但高中阶段没有训练。", "reasonOrMemoryTip": "“自主性提高”像能力进步；应写“要求提高”。", "sourceEvidence": "这听上去好像是个好...大学的学习突然要求学习自主性而高中生刚毕业时候没有学习自主性"}

可回读产出

  • 本节课写作文章改进版：{"type": "Task 2 Essay", "question": "Mobile phones and the internet can be of great help to elderly people, but they are the group least likely to use them. In what ways can this technology help elderly people, and how can they be encouraged to use it?", "answer": "Mobile phones and the internet can bring many practical benefits to elderly people, especially because they can help them address daily issues and gain access to useful information. However, to make these technologies truly useful, platforms and family members need to provide more support.\n\nThe most important benefit is that digital technology can help senior citizens deal with daily problems more conveniently. For example, they can use mobile payment to pay utility bills or buy food without carrying cash. They can also make an appointment with a doctor online, which saves them from waiting in long queues at hospitals. In addition, online shopping and transport apps can reduce unnecessary travel, especially for retirees who may not have enough energy to go out frequently. Apart from solving these problems, the internet also allows them to search for information, such as weather forecasts, recipes, and advice on how to maintain good health.\n\nTo encourage the elderly to use these tools, platforms should first make their applications more elderly-friendly. For instance, they can provide larger fonts, louder volume, a simpler interface, and fewer pop-up advertisements. These changes can lower the difficulty of using apps and reduce disturbance. Family members can also help by teaching elderly people step by step. They may start with simple tasks, such as making phone calls, sending voice messages, and using video calls, before gradually moving on to mobile payment and online medical appointments. More encouragement and less criticism are also important, because elderly users may need more time to become confident.\n\nOverall, mobile phones and the internet can improve elderly people’s safety, health, and comfort, but these benefits can only be achieved when technology is designed in a more elderly-friendly way and family members offer patient guidance."}
  • Task 2 Essay：Mobile phones and the internet can bring many practical benefits to elderly people, especially because they can help them address daily issues and gain access to useful information.；Platforms should make applications more elderly-friendly, and family members should teach elderly users step by step.

课后动作

  • 把课堂讲过的老人科技题按“抽象分类+具体例子”的方式写成完整作文。
  • 回收题补全解决方案段。
  • 课后至少打一遍菠萝流程图范文或自己写一版流程图。

一、课堂推进时间轴

1

审题：老人使用手机和网络题目

课堂推进：老师先带大家确认题目问的是科技能怎样帮助老人，不是问老人为什么不用科技。

老师处理：纠正审题方向，强调 in what ways 是帮助方式/影响类提问。

学生原始输出：扫码乘车、线上挂号就医、手机缴费、预约政务服务、线上购物、查天气、看菜谱、学习养生知识、智能家电联动操作。

老师示范 / 修改方向：不要直接罗列用途，要先把帮助分成抽象类别，再举例。

复习抓手：in what ways 要回答帮助方式；先抽象分类，再具体举例；不要把题目误判成成因题

2

主体段分类：科技怎样帮助老人

课堂推进：老师示范把一堆例子归为大类，例如解决日常问题、获取信息，或安全健康、生活舒适。

老师处理：引导学生把扫码乘车、挂号、支付、购物、查天气等例子分类。

学生原始输出：扫码乘车、线上挂号就医、手机缴费、线上购物、手机查天气、看菜谱、学习养生知识、智能家电联动操作。

老师示范 / 修改方向：可以写：technology can help elderly people address daily issues and search for useful information.

复习抓手：address daily issues（处理日常问题）；search for information（查询信息）；resolve problems（解决问题）；重要内容先写

3

逻辑顺序：重要性排序

课堂推进：老师强调主体段内部要按重要性排序，老人最需要的是解决问题和健康安全，然后才是舒适便利。

老师处理：比较不同分类方式，要求更重要的点放前面。

学生原始输出：可以提升居家的舒适度，也可以保障老年人的安全和健康。

老师示范 / 修改方向：健康、安全比舒适更重要，应优先写；解决问题比查询信息更重要，也应优先写。

复习抓手：重要观点先写；常见且关键的内容放前面；两句话之间要有逻辑联系

4

解决方案：让老人真正用起来

课堂推进：老师讲解解决方案时要向外归因，先写平台和家人能做什么，再写老人自己能做什么。

老师处理：纠正直接要求老人改变的写法，示范平台、家人、老人三方分工。

学生原始输出：开启长辈模式、调大字体、高音量、长辈模式、极简模式、关闭弹窗广告、无用推送、减少操作难度与干扰；家人从最简单的操作教起。

老师示范 / 修改方向：平台应做 elderly-friendly design，家人可以一步步教老人打电话、发语音、付款、挂号。

复习抓手：解决问题先找外部支持；platforms（平台）；family members（家人）；elderly-friendly design（老年友好设计）

5

老人相关表达替换

课堂推进：老师提醒 old people 不够礼貌，建议用 the elderly、senior citizens、retirees、pensioners 等表达。

老师处理：讲解不同替换词的语气和侧重点。

学生原始输出：old people

老师示范 / 修改方向：the elderly 更尊重；senior citizens 表示年长公民；retirees 强调退休；pensioners 强调领养老金的人。

复习抓手：the elderly（老年人，较礼貌）；senior citizens（年长公民）；retirees（退休人士）；pensioners（养老金领取者）

6

词汇辨析：干扰、打断、打扰

课堂推进：老师围绕减少操作干扰，讲解 disturb、interrupt、disrupt、bother、harassment 的区别。

老师处理：用课堂场景和生活例子区分相近词。

学生原始输出：减少操作难度与干扰。

老师示范 / 修改方向：lower the difficulty and reduce disturbance；interrupt 是打断，disturb 是干扰，bother 是麻烦别人帮忙。

复习抓手：lower the difficulty（降低难度）；reduce disturbance（减少干扰）；interrupt（打断）；disturb（干扰）；bother（麻烦/打扰）

7

大学学习变难题：成因和对策

课堂推进：老师讲解大学学习变难题，强调原因要说大学要求自主性和课程难度提高，对策不能只让学生自己改变。

老师处理：纠正“学习自主性提高”的表述，补充 self-discipline、autonomy、take an initiative 等表达。

学生原始输出：学习自主性提高；中学有老师全程监督固定作业反复刷题；大学几乎全靠自学；没人督促学生容易拖延。

老师示范 / 修改方向：应写成 tertiary education requires stronger self-discipline / academic autonomy, but students were not trained for this in secondary school.

复习抓手：self-discipline（自律）；academic autonomy（学习自主性）；take an initiative（主动做事）；tertiary education（大学教育）；procrastination（拖延）

8

大学学习题：学校支持和衔接

课堂推进：老师提醒解决方案要具体，可以写学校开方法课、设置 office hours、writing centers、workshops，也可以写高中提前做衔接。

老师处理：补充大学和高中都可承担解决责任，避免只让学生自己提高。

学生原始输出：学生提升自律能力；学校提供更多学术支持。

老师示范 / 修改方向：学校可以组织 instructional sessions, office hours, writing centers, workshops；高中也可以提前训练规划学习。

复习抓手：office hours（教授答疑时间）；writing center（写作中心）；workshops（工作坊）；senior students（学长学姐）；first-year students（大一新生）

9

久坐题：开头改写和原因分析

课堂推进：老师讲解久坐题时，示范把 spend a great deal of time sitting 改成 lead a sedentary lifestyle，并补充疾病和原因词汇。

老师处理：讲解开头改写、原因展开，以及科技和现代竞争如何扣住 nowadays。

学生原始输出：过量的工作和学习任务导致他每日久坐；缺乏运动量导致高血压血糖心外缺；政府出台政策减少每日工作量。

老师示范 / 修改方向：原因段不要写结果；可以写 excessive assignments require lengthy sitting, and modern technology is so entertaining that people keep sitting for hours.

复习抓手：sedentary lifestyle（久坐不动的生活方式）；excessive assignments（过量任务）；lengthy sitting（长时间坐着）；fatigue（疲劳）；vicious cycle（恶性循环）

10

久坐题：解决方案现实性

课堂推进：老师提醒解决久坐问题不能简单写减少作业或工作量，而应写强制休息、体育课、午休、公司和学校奖励活动等更现实的做法。

老师处理：纠正不现实对策，补充政府、学校、公司和科技提醒的解决路径。

学生原始输出：政府出台政策减少每日的工作量；学校可以发放设定奖励，奖励站立活动时间长的人。

老师示范 / 修改方向：可以写保证 lunch break、体育课、课间休息；公司把 snack bar 放远一点；科技提醒人们久坐后站起来走走。

复习抓手：对策要现实可执行；强制休息比减少任务更合理；科技提醒可以作为解决方案

11

回收题：原因分类和连接

课堂推进：老师讲解回收题时，肯定按发达国家和发展中国家分类，并补充 labor cost、raw materials、prioritize 等表达。

老师处理：帮助学生把发达国家不回收的原因从成本、进口、消费者顾虑等角度展开。

学生原始输出：在发达国家，人力成本比原材料成本大很多；很多轻工业产品比如玻璃瓶都是进口的；人们不愿意购买回收生产的商品。

老师示范 / 修改方向：labor costs significantly exceed the cost of raw materials；companies may prioritize profits over environmentally friendly recycling.

复习抓手：labor cost（人力成本）；raw materials（原材料）；environmentally friendly（环保友好）；prioritize A over B（优先考虑A而不是B）；quality issues（质量问题）

12

回收题：解决办法要和原因等长

课堂推进：老师强调原因和解决方案篇幅要平衡，不能原因写很多、对策只写两三行。

老师处理：补充政府宣传、技术引进、法规、税收优惠和补贴等解决方案。

学生原始输出：政府可以引进回收的技术；制定法规约束；减免部分税收；提供政府补贴。

老师示范 / 修改方向：政府可以 put up posters, distribute brochures, invite specialists to hold lectures, offer free consultation；也可以 introduce technology, establish laws, implement regulations, provide tax incentives and subsidies.

复习抓手：不能虎头蛇尾；publicize / advertise（宣传）；tax incentives（税收优惠）；subsidies（补贴）；strict laws and regulations（严格法律法规）

13

流程图写作：总览和时态

课堂推进：老师最后带大家学习流程图，重点是开头改写、overall 模板和一般现在时被动语态。

老师处理：用菠萝种植和加工流程图示范如何写工业流程。

学生原始输出：流程图长什么样；pineapple；diagram；flow chart；process of growing pineapples；process of preparing pineapple products。

老师示范 / 修改方向：The flow chart illustrates how pineapples are cultivated and manufactured into three distinct products. Overall, the process consists of two main sequential phases.

复习抓手：flow chart（流程图）；diagram（图示）；illustrate（展示）；process consists of two phases（流程包含两个阶段）；一般现在时被动语态

14

流程图写作：细节不能漏

课堂推进：老师强调流程图中看见的所有信息都要写，包括温度、尺寸、月份、分类、包装和运输。

老师处理：逐步讲解菠萝种植、成熟、清洗、分类、榨汁、罐装、出口等步骤。

学生原始输出：sun, 23-30 degrees Celsius, 26 cm spacing, seven months, five months later, 30 cm, 2 kg, extractor, juice, straw, can, wooden crate, cargo ships。

老师示范 / 修改方向：Once harvested, pineapples are washed thoroughly in running water, after which they are separated according to size.

复习抓手：图上所有信息都要写；单位和数字之间要有空格；after which 连接步骤；then + 过去分词连接步骤；before being done 连接步骤

二、本节课亮点表现

本节课围绕多道雅思写作题训练“先抽象分类，再具体举例”的提纲能力。

老师反复强调：解决方案题不能只让当事人自己解决，要写平台、学校、政府、公司、家人等外部支持。

课堂补充了老人科技题、大学学习题、久坐题、回收题和流程图的高频表达。

流程图部分重点练习一般现在时被动语态，以及如何把步骤连成更完整的句子。

三、本节课用了哪些材料

四、学生课堂输出

老人科技题例子

扫码乘车、线上挂号就医、手机缴费、预约政务服务、线上购物、查天气、看菜谱、学习养生知识、智能家电联动操作。

老人科技题解决方案

开启长辈模式、调大字体、高音量、长辈模式、极简模式、关闭弹窗广告、无用推送、减少操作难度与干扰。

大学学习题原因

学习自主性提高；中学有老师全程监督固定作业反复刷题；大学几乎全靠自学；没人督促学生容易拖延。

久坐题原因和结果混写

过量的工作和学习任务导致他每日久坐；缺乏运动量导致了高血压血糖心外缺这些。

久坐题解决方案

政府出台政策减少每日的工作量。

回收题原因

在发达国家，人力成本比原材料的成本大很多；很多轻工业的产品比如说玻璃瓶等等都是进口的；人还不愿意购买回收生产的商品。

回收题解决方案不足

政府可以引进回收的技术；制定法规；减免部分税收；提供一些政府的补贴。

五、本节课写作文章改进版

按课堂已讲方向整理的课后复习改进版；本节课覆盖多道写作题，以下选取课堂讲解最完整的“老人使用手机和网络”题整理为可复习版本。

Mobile phones and the internet can be of great help to elderly people, but they are the group least likely to use them. In what ways can this technology help elderly people, and how can they be encouraged to use it?

Mobile phones and the internet can bring many practical benefits to elderly people, especially because they can help them address daily issues and gain access to useful information. However, to make these technologies truly useful, platforms and family members need to provide more support. The most important benefit is that digital technology can help senior citizens deal with daily problems more conveniently. For example, they can use mobile payment to pay utility bills or buy food without carrying cash. They can also make an appointment with a doctor online, which saves them from waiting in long queues at hospitals. In addition, online shopping and transport apps can reduce unnecessary travel, especially for retirees who may not have enough energy to go out frequently. Apart from solving these problems, the internet also allows them to search for information, such as weather forecasts, recipes, and advice on how to maintain good health. To encourage the elderly to use these tools, platforms should first make their applications more elderly-friendly. For instance, they can provide larger fonts, louder volume, a simpler interface, and fewer pop-up advertisements. These changes can lower the difficulty of using apps and reduce disturbance. Family members can also help by teaching elderly people step by step. They may start with simple tasks, such as making phone calls, sending voice messages, and using video calls, before gradually moving on to mobile payment and online medical appointments. More encouragement and less criticism are also important, because elderly users may need more time to become confident. Overall, mobile phones and the internet can improve elderly people’s safety, health, and comfort, but these benefits can only be achieved when technology is designed in a more elderly-friendly way and family members offer patient guidance.

六、本节课纠错

原句问题推荐表达记忆方法

七、定稿作文 / 改写方向

Task 2 Essay class-supported review draft

Mobile phones and the internet can bring many practical benefits to elderly people, especially because they can help them address daily issues and gain access to useful information.

Platforms should make applications more elderly-friendly, and family members should teach elderly users step by step.

八、课后任务

九、方法和词汇

方法总结

  • 先抽象分类，再举具体例子
  • 重要内容先写
  • 解决问题向外归因
  • 原因和解决方案篇幅平衡
  • 流程图用一般现在时被动语态
  • 流程图看见什么写什么

补充词汇

  • disturb：干扰
  • interrupt：打断
  • disrupt：扰乱、破坏稳定
  • bother：麻烦别人、打扰别人帮忙
  • harassment：骚扰
  • affordable：负担得起的，便宜但不含低质感
  • durable：耐用的
  • container：容器，包装物的通用说法
  • cargo ship：货船