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写作 · 2026-06-19

蕾蕾同学的课程学习报告

雅思写作小作文:表格题数据描述、Overall 总结段、主体段换表达、流程图一般现在时和被动语态

学员:蕾蕾同学 老师:Miya老师 课型:正课 主题:雅思小作文表格题与流程图写法

课后复习模块

练过的材料

  • 雅思小作文表格题:不同国家、不同职业的带薪假期数据:用于练习表格题开头段、Overall 段和主体段数据描述。
  • 雨水处理流程图 rainfall process:用于练习流程图的一般现在时、被动语态和步骤衔接。

词汇和表达

  • 教师群体
  • 医疗专业人员
  • 提供 / 授予
  • 带薪假期
  • 用于总结段开头,概括最明显趋势。
  • 用于从职业角度切换到国家角度。

纠错重点

  • Teachers enjoy the longest paid vacation.;Teachers enjoyed the longest paid vacation among the given four professions in all of these countries.;表格时间是过去时间,所以 enjoy 要改成 enjoyed;同时要补出比较范围。
  • Water Storage: Water Is Storage.;Water is stored.;storage 是名词,句子里需要动词 stored。
  • some dirty, dirty things;impurities, such as dust, mud or dirt;impurities 是更准确的“杂质”;dust、mud、dirt 可以作为具体例子。
  • start with + Rain falls down...;The whole process starts with rain falling down from clouds onto the roofs.;start with 后面不能直接接完整动词句,要改成 doing 结构。

可回读产出

  • 本节课写作文章改进版:表格题课后复习改进版(table_task_essay);流程图写法课后复习版(process_task_reference)
  • 雅思小作文表格题与流程图复习稿:表格题重点:开头段改写题目;Overall 段抓最大趋势;主体段按数据大小排序;数据多时用括号、范围、平均值压缩。;流程图重点:一般现在时;被动语态;按步骤顺序写;图上出现的 pipe、filter、storage、treatment、tap 等元素尽量覆盖。

课后动作

  • 复习表格题中的换主语、换动词、换报数方式。
  • 整理并背熟 with the figure standing at..., ranging from...to..., respectively, by contrast 等小作文句式。
  • 用一般现在时和被动语态重写一遍雨水处理流程图。
  • 练习时注意小作文控制时间,不要挤占大作文写作时间。

一、课堂推进时间轴

1

课前沟通与备考节奏确认

课堂推进:课程开始时,老师先和蕾蕾同学沟通近期语言考试、期末、留学申请和暑假备考安排,强调先保持练习状态,暑假再集中突破。

老师处理:老师提醒学生语言成绩重要,但可以先了解方法,等暑假有整块时间后集中突击,不要长期拖拉。

学生原始输出:刷语言还得考期末;如果下周考的那个没有达到我自己的要求,可以暑假之后接着练。

老师示范 / 修改方向:老师建议:这一次先知道方法论,暑假好好突击,把语言一鼓作气考出来。

复习抓手:先掌握写作方法论,再用暑假整块时间集中练习;语言考试可以阶段性安排,不必把压力集中在一次考试上;备考期间保持练习状态比完全停掉更重要

2

进入雅思小作文表格题

课堂推进:老师打开表格题,说明这节课不要求蕾蕾同学独立完成,而是带她完整走一遍小作文写作过程。

老师处理:老师明确本节课采用带写方式,先处理开头段标题改写。

老师示范 / 修改方向:老师示范把题目中的 show 改成 illustrate / indicate / demonstrate 一类表达,并建议用 elevate streets 相关表述时注意图表类型和句子结构。

复习抓手:小作文开头段可以对题目进行改写;不同图表都可以用表示“展示”的动词;如果是动态图,要注意 change 这类变化表达;静态图直接描述展示内容即可

3

总结段 Overall 写法

课堂推进:老师讲解 Overall 段的写法:优先总结最大、最长、最明显的信息,不必把所有数据都写进去。

老师处理:老师带学生从表格中抓出两个总趋势:教师假期最长;丹麦在多数职业中假期较长。

学生原始输出:Teachers enjoy the longest paid vacation.

老师示范 / 修改方向:Teachers enjoyed the longest paid vacation among the given four professions in all of these countries. Regarding countries, Denmark was marked by the longest paid holiday for nearly all of these professions except for teachers.

复习抓手:Overall 段不需要写具体数据;总结段优先写最大值、最明显趋势;开头段和总结段要避免重复主语和重复表达;用 Overall 和 Regarding countries 连接不同角度

4

换主语与段落衔接

课堂推进:老师重点讲解小作文高分的关键:不能一直用同一个主语和同一种句式,要不断换主语、换动词、换表达方式。

老师处理:老师示范把 teacher、country、Denmark 等不同对象轮流作为主语,并解释这样能让文章更自然。

老师示范 / 修改方向:All countries provided teachers with the longest paid leave compared with other professions. / Teachers were granted 120 days of paid leave in the UK. / Denmark was also very generous in terms of paid vacation for teaching staff.

复习抓手:相邻句子尽量不要连续使用同一主语;enjoy, provide, grant, be marked by 都可以用于描述假期数据;teacher 可以替换成 teaching staff 等表达;段落之间要用连接词自然过渡

5

教师假期数据段写法

课堂推进:老师带学生写第一组主体段,按照从大到小的顺序处理教师假期数据,并示范如何用括号、换算和不同报数方式让数据更清楚。

老师处理:老师先写英国 120 天,再写丹麦 110 天,接着把澳大利亚、美国、中国、日本的数据合并处理。

学生原始输出:一百二十天一个月是一个月是三十日就四个月。

老师示范 / 修改方向:Teachers in the UK were granted 120 days of paid leave, about four months, which was the longest across all countries. Denmark was also very generous, with the figure standing at 110 days. Australia ranked third, followed by the USA, China and Japan.

复习抓手:主体段可以按数据从大到小写;120 days 可以换算成 four months 或 a third of a year;with the figure standing at... 可以用来报数据;followed by 可以合并后续数据;respectively 表示数据和对象按顺序一一对应

6

括号、范围和平均值的数据压缩方法

课堂推进:老师讲解当数据很多时,不必每个数字都展开写,可以用括号、范围或平均值压缩表达。

老师处理:老师示范三种数据处理方式:每个国家后面写括号;几个国家后统一括号加 respectively;用 ranging from...to... 或 approximately... 概括。

学生原始输出:写三个我懂了。

老师示范 / 修改方向:The USA, China and Japan followed, at 95, 90 and 80 days respectively. / The remaining figures ranged from 80 to 95 days. / The figures were approximately 90 days.

复习抓手:数据多时可以用括号减少重复;respectively 表示前后顺序对应;ranging from A to B 可以写范围;approximately 可以写大约数值;不要为了写全数据导致文章过长

7

第二主体段:其他职业与教师对比

课堂推进:老师讲解从教师段过渡到其他职业段时,用 By contrast 表示明显对比,并通过最大差距突出其他职业假期更短。

老师处理:老师让学生判断 however 和 by contrast 的区别,并示范写医生、销售人员、工程师假期更短的段落。

学生原始输出:by contrast

老师示范 / 修改方向:By contrast, as illustrated in the table, it is evident that the other three professions, namely doctors, sales staff and engineers, were offered much shorter paid holidays compared with teaching staff.

复习抓手:如果两组数据形成明显对比,可以用 By contrast;the other three professions 表示“其余三个职业”;namely 可以引出具体列举;much shorter paid holidays 可以表达“短很多的带薪假期”;想强调差距时,可以拿最大值和最小值对比

8

补充丹麦其他职业数据与收尾

课堂推进:老师发现范文已经超过 200 词,提醒小作文不宜写太长;如果还有时间,可以补充丹麦在其他职业中的数据,然后快速收尾。

老师处理:老师示范用 not only...but also... 和 with the figures standing at... 补充丹麦销售人员、工程师的数据,并用 average 快速概括剩余数据。

老师示范 / 修改方向:In Denmark, not only doctors but also salespeople and engineers enjoyed longer vacations than professionals from all the other countries, with the figures standing at 25 days and 20 days. However, the remaining figures were much lower, averaging around 15 days.

复习抓手:小作文达到字数后应及时收尾;小作文占比低,不建议占用太多大作文时间;not only...but also... 可以补充并列信息;average 可以快速概括大量次要数据

9

学生提到上次大作文卡住

课堂推进:蕾蕾同学提到上次考试的大作文写到后面越来越混乱,老师先把当前小作文范文收住,提醒她小作文不要投入过多时间。

老师处理:老师没有深入展开大作文,而是继续完成本节小作文与流程图方法讲解。

学生原始输出:我上次碰的题不是跟您说的那个 how to waste 吗?就那天给我写,给我写的人就越写越懵。

老师示范 / 修改方向:老师回应当前小作文已经足够,考试时小作文差一点点不会是最主要问题,要把时间留给大作文。

复习抓手:小作文控制在合适字数即可;考试时要给大作文留足时间;写作卡住时先保证结构和重点,不要越写越散

10

流程图写法:时态与被动语态

课堂推进:老师转入流程图写法,说明流程图一般用一般现在时,并且大量使用被动语态,因为重点是步骤和物体如何被处理。

老师处理:老师用 rainfall 雨水处理流程图举例,带学生把 collecting rain、water filter、water storage、water treatment、transporting clean water 写成完整句子。

学生原始输出:Water is filtered. / Water is treated. / clean water is transported.

老师示范 / 修改方向:Rain is collected. / Water is filtered. / Water is stored. / Water is treated. / Clean water is transported.

复习抓手:流程图通常用一般现在时;流程图常用被动语态:is collected, is filtered, is stored;storage 是名词,动词要用 store;treatment 是名词,动词要用 treat;图中每个步骤都要覆盖到

11

流程图衔接:this collected water 与 after which

课堂推进:老师讲解流程图中如何连接步骤:可以用 this collected water、this filtered water 指代上一阶段处理后的对象,也可以用 after which 连接下一步。

老师处理:老师解释哪些动作结果可以延续,哪些不适合写成过去分词定语,并提醒学生判断后再使用。

老师示范 / 修改方向:This collected water is then filtered. / This filtered water is then transported to a tank for storage. / After which, the filtered water is transported to a tank.

复习抓手:this collected water 表示“这些收集后的水”;this filtered water 表示“这些过滤后的水”;不是每个动作都适合变成 this + 过去分词 + 名词;after which 可以连接下一步,避免重复 next / after that

12

流程图扩展:目的表达与合理推测

课堂推进:老师讲解流程图可以适当补充每一步的目的,例如过滤雨水是为了去除杂质,但必须是合理、能解释图中步骤的内容。

老师处理:老师引导学生思考 water filter 的目的,并讲解 impurities、dust、mud、dirt 等词。

学生原始输出:因为水本身含有很多杂质,过滤一下可以干净。some dirty, dirty things.

老师示范 / 修改方向:This collected water is then filtered by a water filter in order to remove impurities, such as dust, mud or dirt.

复习抓手:in order to 表示“为了”;impurities 表示“杂质”;dust 是灰尘,mud 是泥,dirt 是污垢/脏东西;流程图可以合理补充目的,但不要乱编不确定内容

13

流程图开头与定语从句

课堂推进:老师讲解流程图开头可以用 Initially 或 The whole process starts with,并示范在地点后面加 where 定语从句。

老师处理:老师指出雨水处理流程应从下雨开始写,再写雨水落到屋顶并被收集。

老师示范 / 修改方向:Initially, rain falls down from clouds onto the roofs of each household, where rainwater is collected for recycling. / The whole process starts with rain falling down from clouds onto the roofs.

复习抓手:Initially 后面可以接完整句子;start with 后面不能直接接完整动词句,要改成名词或 doing 结构;where 可以连接地点并说明那里发生的动作;流程图第一步要从真正的起点写起

14

流程图完整覆盖图中元素

课堂推进:老师提醒学生流程图要紧盯每个环节,图上出现的 pipe、water treatment、chemical substances、clean water、tap 等元素都要尽量写到。

老师处理:老师说明最终清洁水会被运输到每家每户,人们打开水龙头使用水,并提醒不要漏写图中明显元素。

老师示范 / 修改方向:After treatment, the water becomes clean water and is transported to each household, where people can use it by turning on the tap.

复习抓手:流程图要按图中顺序覆盖所有关键元素;pipe 可以写运输过程;water treatment 后水变成 clean water;tap 是水龙头,turn on the tap 表示打开水龙头;不确定的专业名词不会拼时,不要乱写

15

流程图考试策略与结课

课堂推进:老师总结流程图难在专业词和背景知识,但至少要知道基本写法,避免考试时完全不会写;随后蕾蕾同学准备去上口语课。

老师处理:老师提醒学生流程图小作文能写到 6 分左右即可,把更重要的精力放在大作文上。

学生原始输出:我应该还去上滕老师的口语。

老师示范 / 修改方向:老师建议:这两篇知道一下怎么写,大作文要好好写。

复习抓手:流程图先保证步骤、时态、被动语态和顺序;遇到专业图不用追求所有专业词都很高级;小作文不宜耗费过多时间;大作文仍然是写作备考重点

二、本节课亮点表现

本节课先完整带写了一篇表格类小作文,重点练习如何抓最大趋势、如何分段、如何处理多组数据。

老师反复强调小作文高分关键不是把数据全部堆上去,而是要换主语、换动词、换报数方式。

课程后半段讲解流程图写法,重点包括一般现在时、被动语态、步骤衔接和图中元素完整覆盖。

老师提醒蕾蕾同学考试时小作文写够、写稳即可,不要占用太多大作文时间。

三、本节课用了哪些材料

四、学生课堂输出

总结段

Teachers enjoy the longest paid vacation.

老师提醒要根据 2020 年表格时间改成过去式 enjoyed,并补充比较范围。

数据换算

一百二十天一个月是一个月是三十日就四个月。

老师据此示范 120 days 可以写成 about four months 或 a third of a year。

段落过渡

by contrast

学生能判断教师组和其他职业组之间是明显对比关系。

流程图被动语态

Water is filtered. / Water is treated. / clean water is transported.

这些句子方向正确,老师进一步补充 stored、collected 等表达。

流程图目的表达

因为水本身含有很多杂质,过滤一下可以干净。some dirty, dirty things.

老师将“杂质”升级为 impurities,并补充 dust、mud、dirt。

五、本节课写作文章改进版

按课堂已讲方向整理的课后复习改进版,保留本节课老师讲到的表格题写法和流程图写法重点。

表格题课后复习改进版

The table illustrates the length of paid holidays for four professions in different countries in 2020.

Overall, teachers enjoyed the longest paid vacation among the given four professions in all of these countries. Regarding countries, Denmark was marked by the longest paid holiday for nearly all of these professions except for teachers.

All countries provided teachers with the longest paid leave compared with other professions. In the UK, teachers were granted 120 days of paid leave, about four months, which was the longest across all countries. Denmark was also very generous in terms of paid vacation for teaching staff, with the figure standing at 110 days. Australia ranked third, followed by the USA, China and Japan, at 95, 90 and 80 days respectively.

By contrast, as illustrated in the table, it is evident that the other three professions, namely doctors, sales staff and engineers, were offered much shorter paid holidays compared with teaching staff. In Denmark, not only doctors but also salespeople and engineers enjoyed longer vacations than professionals from all the other countries, with the figures standing at 30, 25 and 20 days respectively. However, the remaining figures were much lower, averaging around 15 days.

流程图写法课后复习版

The diagram shows how rainwater is collected, treated and transported for household use.

Initially, rain falls down from clouds onto the roofs of each household, where rainwater is collected for recycling. This collected water is then transported through pipes to a water filter, in order to remove impurities, such as dust, mud or dirt.

After which, the filtered water is moved to a storage tank. Subsequently, the water is treated with chemical substances, and it becomes clean water. Finally, the clean water is transported to each household, where people can use it by turning on the tap.

六、本节课纠错

原句问题推荐表达记忆方法
Teachers enjoy the longest paid vacation.Teachers enjoyed the longest paid vacation among the given four professions in all of these countries.表格时间是过去时间,所以 enjoy 要改成 enjoyed;同时要补出比较范围。
Water Storage: Water Is Storage.Water is stored.storage 是名词,句子里需要动词 stored。
some dirty, dirty thingsimpurities, such as dust, mud or dirtimpurities 是更准确的“杂质”;dust、mud、dirt 可以作为具体例子。
start with + Rain falls down...The whole process starts with rain falling down from clouds onto the roofs.start with 后面不能直接接完整动词句,要改成 doing 结构。

七、定稿作文 / 改写方向

雅思小作文表格题与流程图复习稿 课堂带写与课后整理版

表格题重点:开头段改写题目;Overall 段抓最大趋势;主体段按数据大小排序;数据多时用括号、范围、平均值压缩。

流程图重点:一般现在时;被动语态;按步骤顺序写;图上出现的 pipe、filter、storage、treatment、tap 等元素尽量覆盖。

八、课后任务

九、方法和词汇

方法总结

  • 表格题先写最大趋势,再写主体段数据。
  • 主体段按从大到小排序,减少混乱。
  • 用括号、respectively、ranging from 和 average 压缩数据。
  • 流程图按步骤顺序写,用被动语态描述物体被处理的过程。
  • 不确定的专业词不要乱编,优先保证正确。

补充词汇

  • paid leave / paid vacation:带薪假期
  • teaching staff:教师群体
  • grant:授予,给予
  • generous:大方的,给得多的
  • respectively:分别地,一一对应地
  • impurities:杂质
  • filtered:被过滤的
  • stored:被储存的
  • treated:被处理的
  • tap:水龙头